Travel to Finland-Information about Finland- Facts about Finland

Travel to Finland-Information about Finland- Facts about Finland

Flag of the (National)

Official name :Soman Toumalta (Republic of Finland)

Level: 337.030 km 2 (8x Netherlands)

inhabitants: 5.5 million inhabitants (2016)

Population density: 16 people per kilometer

Capital : Helsinki, the capital

Currency: Euro currency since 2002. 1 1 is about $ 1.17 (2017)

Road network :Roads are very good. The route from Turkey to Helsinki has radar controls and has to be seen for polar reefs on the roads to the north.

Fuel Prices : See Autotravelro for real fuel prices in all European countries.

Code license plate : FIN

Telephone country code : 358

Internet Country Code : .fi

Time difference : GMT + 2; 1 hour later than the Netherlands

Geographical data

The Republic of Finland (officially Soman Tougalta or Short Somme) is the most eastern region of the Western European countries. It has a maximum distance of 542 km from west to east and 1157 km from south to north. More than 70% of the country is covered by forest, 8% is used as agricultural land and 10% is water. Finland has more than 60,000 lakes and more than 20,000 small islands along the coast. About a third of the country lies north of the Arctic Circle. Russia's border is 1313 kilometers away. Botanic in the west is Sweden (border line: 586 km.), Northern Norway (729 km. Border) and Finland in the south and southwest. The level of Finland is 337,000 square kilometers. This includes the islands off the Swedish coast.
In Finland, the landscape is gradually replaced by a flat (sometimes slightly sloping) and high hills to the north and a wide forested lake (none of which are visible on the roads). ۔ In the extreme north of Finland there are highlands without Tundra and Lapland forest. To the northwest is a mountainous region with the highest hill (1328 m).
Finland is between 60 and 70 degrees north latitude.

Population -

Finland has 5.17 million inhabitants (July 2001), twice as much as 1900. Finland (after Norway and Iceland) is Europe's least populous country, with 16 people per square kilometer. The population density near Helsinki is on average 203 inhabitants per km 2, while in Lapland it is only 2 km 2. More than 70% of the population lives in cities, which is growing rapidly in the last 50 years. There are two population groups in Finland: Sami (also known as Lapps, natives) and Pins (6% of whom are Finnish - Swedish). There are about 6000 Sami in Finland, each of them living in the Tundra area in the north.

Languages

Not only Finnish but also Swedish is the official language in Finland. The majority (93.5%) of the people speak Finnish as first English. 6.3% Swedish. In the north speak Sami Sami or Lapis. In some places the Russian voice can be heard. Er and Darr Russian Eng Perkin. Whatever the roots of finance, one fact is that they speak a language that is not Indo-European like other Nordic languages, but rather Finno-Ugric; its closest relative is Estonian (but they are also The two languages ​​are not really mutually understood), and they are closely related to the minor languages ​​spoken in Hungary, Somali and European Russia (Estonia) and Siberia. He is also from Turkey. It features its intricate grammar. Often a long word is added to indicate that other languages ​​use too many words or even whole sentences. There are more and more Swedish words that have been absorbed by the Finnish language in Swedish and in recent years. There are too many letters to count against, because the authentic Finnish alphabet does not contain the letters b, c, f, q, w, x and z (they do in Swedish original words).
Only in 1903 was the Finnish language considered as Swedish.

History

100,000 BC. 1100 AD. , Prehistory

There are archaeological discoveries that indicate that parts of Finland had to be settled 100,000 years ago in the 100th. The largest part of Finland was covered in snow and glaciers, however, in different periods of snow.
After the last ice age, the first settlement is being built in the Meso-Lathak period (8300-5100 BC). These people were hunters. About 5100 BC. The Neolithic period begins and around 3200 BC. Finland, a newcomer to the Buttex culture. Prior to their arrival, the development of the first Finnish language began with the development of the first language among the people living in Finland.
During the Bronze Age (1500 - 500 BC), there was a lot of contact and trade between cultures in Scandinavian countries. During the Aharian period, these contacts declined and were more inclined towards the interior of modern Russia than in the West. More permanent settlements were built where agriculture became the most important source of life.
In 98. Roman historian Tacitus mentions Fanny, who lives in the north, in his Gymnasia. It probably meant Sami in the North.
From the earliest times, which certainly continued until 1150 or even 1300, nothing is known other than the knowledge of burial tombs. Fewer cairns were used and the most common method of burial was usually. Ground burial became more common during the eleventh century, probably because of Christian influence.
Finland was not a Viking country although some of its inhabitants may have joined Swedish in their travels.

1100 - 1500

Finland had no political alliance until then, and finally in 13ä the region was divided into a peace agreement between Sweden and Ngorod (a country in present-day Russia). Swedish territory became a hierarchy with what was considered a province of Sweden, not like any conquered land. Swedish rules were established and feudalism was not part of this system and Finnish farmers were never in the region. Toroko was a very important city, based around 1250, with its own Bishop seat. From 1362, Finis received his representatives in Sweden, which had some influence on the selection of the Swedish kings.


1500 - 1809

Finland suffered several Danish and Russian attacks during the 16th century. When reforms began, it also took root in Sweden and Finland. A national identity began to develop, and in 1642, when the Bible was translated and written, Finnish became a written language.
Sweden became the most powerful power in northern Europe and the Russians regained Finland. Most of the officials came from Sweden and Finland was in fact under the rule of Sweden.

1809 - 1917

When the power of the Swedes declined, Russia put more pressure on Finland and eventually conquered Sweden with the war of 1808-1809. Finland became an independent Grand Duchy with the Russian Emperor as Grand Duke. The administration was the Finnish Senate, which consisted only of finance and had to justify itself to the emperor, not to the Russian authorities.
In fact, Finland began in fact in 1809, and only because Emperor Alexander I gained widespread independence. In the 19th century, Finnish became the official language, Finland got its army and even a real border with Russia.
When Russian scholars saw Finland's increasing sovereignty at the beginning of the 20th century, it sought to suppress Finnish nationalism. But the 1905 revolution gave Finland some breathing space, and in 1906 a new parliament was introduced. And Finland was the first woman in Europe to have the right to participate in elections.

1917 - 1945

On December 6, 1917, Parliament approved the Declaration of Independence issued by the Senate. But the leftist parties committed an end to the uprising and the civil war, which continued for a year and a half. Finally, in the summer of 1919, the new Republic of Finland was announced, which reconciled with the Soviet Union in 1920.
Carl Johann Steinberg becomes the first president. But the civil war reached a peak in 1929 again in 1930. After a wave of strikes, the fascist apartheid movement called for a ban on all communist activities. An uprising by General Vallenes (March 1932), one of the Lapu leaders, was suppressed in the keys, after which the movement was banned. But a stable government was impossible, due to differences between the middle class parties regarding the political direction of the country. Eventually, the country was restored to a democratic path through the unity of minority government, small liberal parties and social democracies. In 1937, for the first time in Finnish history, a leftist party was accepted as a partner.
In September 1939 a winter wind broke out between the Soviet Union and Finland. The Russian claimed part of eastern Finland and wanted to lease a naval base. Finance had no chance, and the Soviet Union demanded more than that in the Moscow Treaty. In June 1941, Finland again invaded the Soviet Union with Germany. In August 1944, Parliament appointed the President of the General of the Army Minor Ham, and after intense fighting he liberated Finland from bonding with Germany. It also made a treaty with the Soviet Union (September 19, 1944), as from 1944 Finland adopted a new attitude toward the Soviet Union.

1945 - Now

Since 1944, Finland has sought to minimize the influence of other countries in Finnish-Soviet relations. In 1948 a treaty of friendship, cooperation and cooperation was signed.
In 1945, the Democrats of the people got a lot of votes and Pekala became prime minister. After the uprising in Czechoslovakia (1948), the Communists lost a great deal of their follow-up. Until the reunification was established in 1956, social democracies and peasantry were an alternative to minority governments.
In 1966, the Social Democrats and peasant government were formed. But in the seventies many compounds (13 in 10 years) appeared in different compounds. All governments had to deal with major trade balance deficits and rising unemployment rates. In 1987, Finland received the first conservative prime minister after the Second World War, after the Holocaust. In March 1992, Finland applied for EU membership.
Earlier, on January 20, 1992, Finland signed a friendship with Russia, an amended version of the 1948 treaty. After a very serious crisis in the early 1990s, economic recovery began again in 1994. Despite strong opposition by the conservative government, the police continued to set it free. In January 1995 Finland became a member of the EU. After the March 1995 elections, the Social Democrats returned to the Lapon government. It formed a five-party coalition to gain widespread population support. In October 1996, the government decided to join the Finnish Monetary Union. The euro has been the new currency since 2002.

Climate

The Finnish climate has both maritime and continental influence. The surrounding seas cool the climate on the coast in the spring, but on the other hand they warm it in the autumn thanks to the warm flow of the bay. The climate becomes more continental, ie more severe, more east and north. However, the influence of the Pacific in the far north is due to the marine climate. The summer lasts two to four months, with four to six in the growing season. The average temperature in Helsinki, the capital, is 5.3 degrees Celsius. During the summer, in southern Finland, the highest temperature occasionally rises to 30 degrees. In the winter months, especially in January and February, the negative 20 ° C temperature is not normal. In the far north, beyond the Arctic Circle, the sun does not sunset for about 73 days, producing a white summer night. In the same region, during the dark winter periods, the sun is below the horizon for 51 days, creating a polar night called kamos in Finnish.


Flora and fauna

Flora
Finland is completely north of the jungle. Forests cover about 65% of total area (53% cedar, 28% spurs, 19% birch) and make Finland one of the densest forests in Europe. Pine and spruce grow so well because of pigs and poor soil. In the northern parts, the Finnish Lapland, small birch grow. . Finland has 42,000 km 2 protected forests. In the jungle south of the Arctic circle, like raspberries, many types of beer grow. Finland's lakes are covered with water lakes. Lapland has tundra- and mountain plants. Many rocky islands do not have many flowers, but are very colorful. Margaritas, buttercups and bloat flowers all over the country. There are also many varieties of mushrooms that collect and eat Finnish.

fauna
Due to Finland's northeast location, there are not many species in the animal world. There are still wild bears, wolves, lynx, foxes, elk and wolves, but not many. Reindeer herds have also been reduced. Lapland is a characteristic animal of lemongrass, which lives on high and flat hills above the tree line. The protected elk lives mostly in the jungle and swampy areas south of Lapland. Elegant animals such as the pulpit, Martin and Armin live all over the country. There are eleven species of frogs and reptiles in Finland. The only poisonous snake is the annex. There are about 350 kinds of birds, of which 230 are birds. The eagles and owls are safe. Many birds live in jungles and swamps and shrubs, just like the galencias. There are 77 species of fish growing in the Finnish oceans and lakes, half of which are freshwater fish. Pike, perch, bass, salmon and trout are the most common.

Economy

Forests are Finland's most important natural resource, and paper, wood, etc. are an important source of national income. Granite bedrock has a diversity of minor mineral deposits, including copper, nickel, iron, zinc, chromium, lead and iron pyrite. In recent years, diamonds have been found in eastern Finland, but they have not yet been mined. In addition, limestone, granite and sand are excavated for building materials.
Traditionally timber processing has been the most important economy. The metal and engineering industries have grown rapidly and are today the largest source of industrial employment. Massive drainage, fertilizer and deforestation have largely improved yields since the 1950s. The state owns 20% of the forest. The rest are private controls. The chemical, graphics, and food industries are also important to the economy, followed by textile and electrochemical enterprises. The importance of mining activity has diminished, though Finland still produces half the copper and nickel needed for the domestic market. . By 1990, that number was less than 10 percent, and only 7 percent of the total land area was cultivated. Nevertheless, the agricultural sector produces more milk products, meat and eggs. Wheat and rye are the most important breads. Other major crops include grass, potatoes, oats, and barley. Finland's climate and small farms favor milk and livestock production, which are mostly part of the farm's income. Problems arising from excessive production have led to soil banking (deliberately abandoning farmland policy) and deforestation.

Tourism

Relatively few tourists visit Finland from southern and western Europe, due to its isolated location. Most visitors come from neighboring countries. The southern region of Finland offers some of the most historic, cultural and artistically fascinating places. The northern part offers unobstructed nature. The most popular attractions are the many lakes and islands. Other places of interest are the coastal strip near Turkey, the beaches of the mountains of Pankaraju and the Alandland in the Baltic Sea. Lapland focuses on tourists with its own reindeer safari and nature hiking tours. The most attractive cities are Turku, Helsinki, Pura and Tampere. After Turkey, anyone can find medieval castles in Hamblin and Savlina. The Outdoor Museum in Pomegranate reflects Sami's culture.

weather in Finland 

The weather in Finland is quite different. Being located in the coastal zone of the Eurasian continent, Finland is in both marine and continental climates.


The season in Finland is variable and can change very quickly, which is quite common for the weather in Scandinavia. When winds are blowing from the west, most areas of Finland are generally warm and clear. Finland is located in a zone where tropical and polar winds meet, so the Finnish climate changes rapidly, especially in the winter months. And Finland's climate is not as cold as many people think: the average Finnish temperature is higher than other regions in the same latitude as southern Greenland.

Temperatures are mainly increased through the Atlantic to warm air flow, and also through the Atlantic Baltic.

Summer offers great weather in Finland. In the southern and central Finland of Finland, the summer season is mild and warm, just like in other parts of southern Scandinavia, while the cold in Finland is long and cold. In the northern parts of Finland, you can get up to 90 days of snow on the ground every year. The mildest winter season is found in southwestern Finland amid the countless islands of the Baltic Sea.

The weather in Finland depends on which month you want to travel to Scandinavia. The Finnish season is the hottest in July and the coldest in February. February is the driest month in Finland, while August is the mildest time of year.